Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR) is a urological condition characterized by the retrograde flow of urine from the bladder into the ureters and, in severe cases, the renal pelvis. It is commonly seen in pediatric patients and is classified into primary (due to congenital ureterovesical junction incompetence) and secondary (resulting from bladder dysfunction or obstruction). Clinically, VUR predisposes patients to recurrent urinary tract infections, pyelonephritis, and potential renal scarring. Diagnosis is confirmed via voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) or renal ultrasound. Management ranges from prophylactic antibiotics in mild cases to surgical intervention (ureteral reimplantation) in high-grade reflux to prevent progressive renal damage.

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